Fuente: Biblioteca Pleyadiana
por starviwer
El presente artículo de investigación, está basado y contrastado con todos los datos disponibles procedentes de fuentes oficiales, y demuestra que desde 1983, ya se tiene conocimiento de la existencia de una enana marrón que orbita nuestro sistema solar.
Claramente podemos distinguir tres etapas:
Claramente podemos distinguir tres etapas:
1. La etapa del descubrimiento (1981-1989)
Tras completar, el modelo orbital del sistema solar, y encajar los datos a la luz de las sondas de exploración espacial, aparece en la prensa un interesante artículo en 1981, “The Detroit News”
The Detroit News-1981
En él se reflexiona sobre la evidencia histórica del conocimiento que los sumerios, tenían de nuestro sistema solar, especialmente debido a que los recientes hallazgos científicos, configuraban parte del mapa de nuestro sistema solar, y por aquella época (1981), los conocimientos de la nube de Kuiper-oort,eran aún muy limitados.En aquél momento, se configuraba la idea por los astrónomos, de que había que localizar más objetos, aún más alejados de Plutón, pues la órbita de Éste, así como la de los planetas Urano y Neptuno, presentaban alteraciones que únicamente parecían explicarse por la existencia de otros planetas más allá de la órbita de Plutón.
Y sí fue.En 1983, el telescopio IRAS, un potente telescopio de Infrarrojos, en 1984, descubrió la perturbación de Oort, y la presencia de un grupo de objetos, relativamente próximos, que formaban parte de nuestro sistema solar.
IRAS-TELESCOPE
EL 31 de Diciembre de 1983, el diario “Washington Post”, publicó en su portada el descubrimiento con un gran titular que decía, "Mystery Heavenly Body Discovered" y citaba textualmente:A heavenly body possibly as large as the giant planet Jupiter and possibly so close to Earth that it would be part of this solar system has been found in the direction of the constellation Orion by an orbiting telescope aboard the U.S. infrared astronomical satellite.So mysterious is the object that astronomers do not know if it is a planet, a giant comet, a nearby “protostar” that never got hot enough to become a star, a distant galaxy so young that it is still in the process of forming its first stars or a galaxy so shrouded in dust that none of the light cast by its stars ever gets through.“All I can tell you is that we don’t know what it is,” Dr. Gerry Neugebauer, IRAS chief scientist for California’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and director of the Palomar Observatory for the California Institute of Technology said in an interview.Pueden leer el texto completo aquí.
En aquél momento, se determinaron los datos necesarios para continuar con una nueva línea de investigación, basada en la observación, las órbitas, y el análisis de tallado de las perturbaciones en Oort.
Ésta detección y la investigación preliminar, concluyó en 1989, con la publicación en 1991 de un informe científico de la Universidad de Harvard, en el que, se calculaba, que la perturbación venía de la zona de Sagitario, y con toda seguridad, se trataba de una enana marrón, un nuevo tipo de cuerpo estelar, hasta entonces desconocido.
En dicho informe, aparece expresamente el siguiente esquema:
Primer esquema original relativo a la perturbación en Sagitario.
Obsérvese claramente, cómo ya en 1989-1991, se conocía exactamente la existencia de una enana marrón, que estaba causando perturbaciones en el sistema solar, y que orbitaba éste.
A partir de ese momento, comienza la fase 2.
2. La etapa de investigación, simulación orbital y estudio del impulso orbital del objeto (1989-2002)
En esta etapa, un comité de expertos, encabezados inicialmente por J.Matese y J.Murray, comienzan la investigación profunda del nuevo hallazgo, y con fecha de Octubre de 1999, concluye textualmente:
Planetary Systems in the Universe - Observation, Formation and Evolution
ASP Conference Series, Vol.
A.J. Penny, P. Artymowicz, A.-M. Lagrange, and S.S. Russell, eds.
3 108, 1999Supportive Evidence for a Brown Dwarf Solar Companion
by John J. Matese
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette LA USA 70504-4210
Abstract
Comet orbital elements which suggested that there may be a Jovian-mass brown dwarf in our solar system. An extended cometary database is now available. The analyses have been repeated and we find that the set of statistically significant correlated anomalies is enhanced. We also respond to unsupported objections that have been raised to this conjecture. If real, the wide-binary object would constitute a natural dynamical intermediary between gas giant planetary objects and isolated objects.
We have previously given evidence based on Oort cloud.
Obviamente, dicho informe fue dirigido y encargado por la NASA, y acompañado de una carta del Dr. Matese:
En aquél momento, se crea un comité de investigación denominado ICARUS, cuyo objetivo consiste en el detallado conocimiento de la órbita de la Enana Marrón y las consiguientes perturbaciones en sagitario.Este comité dirigido por J.Matese, al que posteriormente se incorporan otros importantes astrofísicos como el Dr. Lissauer. Dicha investigación concluye en 2002, y consiguen definir el denominado Impulso estelar, y publican el informe LMM, estimando dicho impulso en un 41% como causa de la perturbación Oort.Dicho estudio es el más completo realizado por la comunidad científica, y en cuya base nos hemos fundamentado en el cálculo de la Hoja de Trabajo N-II.
Una vez, expuesto lo anterior, con fecha de 7 de Octubre de 1999, el editor científico de la revista NBC, Mr. Alan Boyle, publica un artículo en la sección ciencia, que dice textualmente:
A Mystery Revolves Around The SunScientists suggest huge unseen object orbits on fringe of solar system
Oct. 7, 1999 – Two teams of researchers have proposed the existence of an unseen planet or a failed star circling the sun at a distance of more than 2 trillion miles, far beyond the orbits of the nine known planets. The theory, which seeks to explain patterns in comets’ paths, has been put forward in research accepted for publication in two separate journals.Speculation about the existence of unseen celestial companions dates back far before the discovery of Pluto in 1930 — and even figures in more recent fringe phenomena such as the 1997 “Heaven’s Gate” tragedy and talk of a new “Planet X.” This latest hypothesis, however, is aimed at answering nagging scientific questions about how particular types of comets make their way into the inner solar system.
Some comets, like Halley’s Comet, follow relatively short-period orbits - circling the sun in less than two hundred years. These comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper Belt, a disk of cosmic debris that lies beyond Neptune’s orbit.
Pero, este hallazgo no se limita únicamente a este medio, sino que igualmente, con idéntica fecha, la evidencia se publica por Harvard, por lo que la nota de prensa está apoyada en el estudio realizado y publicado por dicha Universidad, constituyendo ciencia y es Público y elevado a un evento Oficial.
Y textualmente reproducimos:Title: Cometary Evidence of a Massive Body in the Outer Oort CloudsAuthors: Matese, J. J.; Whitman, P. G.; Whitmire, D. P.
Affiliation: AA(), AB(Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana), AC(Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana)
Publication: Icarus, Volume 141, Issue Icarus, pp. 354-366. (Icarus Homepage)
Publication Date: 10/1999
Origin: ICAR
Abstract Copyright: (c) 1999: Academic Press
DOI: 10.1006/icar.1999.6177
Bibliographic Code: 1999Icar..141..354M
La prensa británica, también hace eco del evento oficial, y por aquellas mismas fechas, publica en el diario científico del periódico Times (Times Higer Education), la sección más prestigiosa de ciencia oficial, el siguiente artículo que citamos textualmente aquí:
by Steve Farrar15 October 1999
US scientists who have studied patterns in cometary orbits believe a distant body that may be a tiny sister star of the Sun could exist in the far reaches of the solar system.
British research announced last week had reached similar conclusions, though it suggested such a body was most probably a planet.
Research unveiled at the American Astronomical Society’s planetary sciences meeting by John Matese, professor of physics at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and colleagues suggests it may, in fact, be a brown dwarf, a sort of failed star. It would bring the Sun more into line with its neighbors – scientists believe multiple-star systems are very common in the galaxy and a survey of 123 nearby sun-like stars found more than half had one or more companions.
Professor Matese’s work involved the study of the orbits of 82 comets that originated in the Oort Cloud, a vast shell of debris that surrounds the solar system and from which most comets come.
They found a pattern connecting the orientation and shape of the path each comet took, which they felt was best explained if they had been influenced by the gravitational pull of an object three times the size of Jupiter and existing about 25,000 times farther from the Sun than the Earth.“This object would be called a brown dwarf and not a planet since, if it exists, it would not have formed from the disc of material that surrounded our forming Sun as the planets did,” said Professor Matese.
“As more Jovian-mass companions are found around other stars, sometimes several of them in the same system, it becomes more reasonable to consider the possibility of a wide binary companion to our Sun.”Jupiter is much the biggest object in the solar system apart from the Sun and is about 300 times the size of the Earth.
Scientists have previously speculated on the existence of a companion star to the Sun, dubbed Nemesis, that caused periodic storms of comets to flood the inner solar system, responsible for planetary collisions and mass extinction events on Earth.
This theory has been widely discredited. The new theory gives the brown dwarf a far milder effect, nudging some comets into an inward course but by and large not having any great impact on the planets.While the star would be so dim as to have escaped detection by optical telescopes, its heat emissions should make it observable by the next generation of infrared telescopes.
Como verán el mes de octubre de 1999, la cuestión quedó definitivamente oficializada: Nuestro sistema solar es binario.
Pues bien. Con fecha de 2002, se suceden otros dos acontecimientos importantes.La foto del objeto hecha pública por el Telescopio IRAS, en la que se evidencia una incuestionable y rápida aproximación por Sagitarius a una distancia de unas 200 UA, en aquel preciso momento.Publicamos la última foto Oficial del objeto:
La Enana Marrón y su aproximaciónÚltima foto no censurada
Coincidiendo con esta publicación del Objeto, otra vez, trasciende a los medios de prensa el evento, y con fecha de 18 de octubre de 2002, ni más ni menos que el mismísimo Paul Blakemore del diario británico ”The Daily Telegraph”, en su edición digital, publica textualmente:
In 1846, researchers noticed that Uranus was wobbling in a way that confounded Newton’s Law of Motion.This meant they had two options: rewrite the most time-honored of the laws of physics, or “invent” a new planet to account for the extra gravitational pull. Compared to Newton’s reputation, an eighth planet seemed much less massive and Neptune was discovered.
Today scientists working in the University of Louisiana have discovered a statistical anomaly of similar proportions. Professors John Matese, Patrick Whitman and Daniel Whitmire have studied the orbits of comets for 20 years, and their recent findings have led to startling theories.
Intrigued by the work of two palaeontologists working for the University of Chicago, Prof Whitmire, along with Nasa colleague Dr Al Jackson, had earlier attempted to explain the amazing discovery that six apocalyptic events, including the extinction of the dinosaurs, have all occurred, like clockwork, every 26 to 30 million years. To try to explain this mass extinction cycle, they looked to the possibility that comet showers were to blame.
The latest effort of Matese, Whitman and Whitmire studies 82 comets from the huge cloud of comets, called the Oort cloud, that exists around our solar system. They took the aphelia of these comets, the points on their orbit that are farthest from our Sun, and plotted them on a globe. Expecting to find an even distribution, they instead found that a particular band of sky, about one sixth the total, contained more than one quarter of all the comets, and that about 25 per cent of the comets coming from this cloud have anomalous paths.
So what was affecting the orbits? They went on to theorise that the best explanation is the existence of a previously unknown body – that our solar system is made up of the Sun and a shadowy partner, either a brown dwarf or a massive planet, in a wide binary system. In effect, the solar system had two stars, the Sun and a dark companion, spinning around each other.
Now I know what you’re thinking Surely I’d have noticed a second Sun in the sky? But, as Prof Whitmire explained, the process of assumption based on statistical anomalies has always been a cornerstone of scientific discovery. According to their current theory, he says, “the companion is a brown dwarf star or massive planet of mass between two and six times the mass of Jupiter”.A brown dwarf is a star too small to sustain the nuclear fusion that powers our Sun, and so is relatively cool (surface temperature of less than 1500C) and so also very dim, being barely hot enough to give off light.
But it gets worse. Under their original theory, called the Nemesis theory, this small dark star, which lurks at around 90,000 times farther away than the Earth is from the Sun, may be on an orbit that, once every 30 million years, ploughs it into the densely packed inner cloud.Here its immense gravitational pull would drag out several of the Oort comets and give them the “kick” needed to send them towards the Sun on orbits perilously close to the Earth. This explains, in the professor’s view, the ominous mass extinction cycle, due to regular periods of increased cometary activity every 30 million years.
However, before we head for the bomb shelters, we should take heed of the professor’s words: “As a practical matter our models will never be generally accepted (and shouldn’t be) until the actual object is found.” However stressing that they are “sufficiently plausible to give incentives for others to look”.
Today, their current paper has moved away from the Nemesis theory and proposed, on the basis of comet orbits, a less massive planet about three times the mass of Jupiter. None the less, with an explanation for the mass extinction cycle yet to be found, he has admitted that they may not be mutually exclusive; and that there could be two dark stars, one a failed partner to our own, and another one that is acting almost as an alarm clock for doomsday.Even so, he says:“I’m still hopeful that ultimately these might turn out to be the same object.”.
“An original idea in science is often a gut instinct, but this should not influence the development of the idea,” says the professor. “I always try to be my own worst critic”.The scientific world remains intrigued but skeptical. However, the recent bombardment of Jupiter is a reminder that if the team is right, there may not be many around to hear them say:“I told you so.”Como puede leerse, la preocupación por el incremento de cometas y asteroides procedentes de esa zona de la perturbación en Oort-Kuiper, hace que el asunto se convierta en una cuestión de seguridad, por lo que con fecha de Diciembre de 2002, NASA automáticamente da carpetazo al asunto, y comienza su campaña de desinformación, argumentando que se trata de un mito y no de una realidad científica.Se inicia así, la tercera etapa, de 2003-hasta nuestros días.La etapa de la ocultación de los datos.
3. Etapa de ocultación de datos y censura informativa (2003-2009)
El primer paso consiste en cambiar al comité de investigadores, y mantenerlo en el campo de los proyectos reservados. De esta forma, se prescinde Oficialmente de Matese y de Murray, y se nombra un nuevo comité, cuyos estudios versan en el cálculo exacto de la perturbación, y la desinformación al público.Motivo, el cambio climático, geomagnético y las perturbaciones, comienzan a evidenciarse, y es a escala planetaria global, afecta a todo el sistema solar.Posteriormente, Astrofísicos como el Dr. Paul Laviolette y Dr. Alexey Dmitriev, estudian detenidamente esas alteraciones climáticas cósmicas, y sus estudios son literalmente borrados de las revistas científicasNature, Science, etc. Estos científicos demuestran que el cambio climático es a escala planetaria, y no se limita al clima, sino a los efectos geomagnéticos que evidencian una perturbación en Oort.
Con fecha de 2003, se encargan varios estudios “clandestinos”, a determinados laboratorios astrofísicos, y en concreto uno de ellos ubicado en la INDIA, que emite un informe fechado en 2005, sobre la estimación de NEMESIS y su masa.
En el resumen ejecutivo de dicho documento, puede leerse:Mass limit on Nemesis
by Varun Bhalerao1 and M.N. Vahia21 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
2 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
Received 6 July 2004; Accepted 10 February 2005
Abstract
We assume that if the sun has a companion, it has a period of 27 Myr corresponding to the periodicity seen in cometary impacts on earth. Based on this assumption, it is seen that the inner Lagrangian point of the interaction between the Sun and its companion is in the Oort cloud.From this we calculate the mass-distance relation for the companion. We then compute the expected apparent magnitude (visible and J band) for the companion using the models of Burrows (1993). We then compare this with the catalogue completeness of optical and infrared catalogues to show that the sun cannot have a companion of mass greater than 44 M
We assume that if the sun has a companion, it has a period of 44 Mjup (0.042 M☉).
Simultáneamente, se encarga a un laboratorio, un simulador de órbitas binario, para establecer a nivel interno la simulación orbital de los objetos que acompañan a la estrella.Aparentemente, el encargo es para definir la órbita de Sedna, sin embargo, el simulador es binario, porque Sedna, Eris y otros objetos, orbitan una enana marrón que en aquél momento se encontraba a una distancia de 120-150UA. La empresa es Orbitsimulator.
Qué suerte tienen algunos que forman una empresa solo para simular a SEDNA.Claramente, dicen en dicha Web textualmente:The Origin of Sedna’s Orbit
How did Sedna end up in its current orbit? The simulation sedna.gsim attempts to reproduce an experiment performed by Alessandro Morbidelli and Harold F. Levison designed to explain the origin of Sedna’s (2003 VB12) highly elliptical orbit.Sedna was discovered in 2003 by a team of astronomers consisting of Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David Rabinowitz.Shortly after its discovery, it was realized that Sedna has a very elliptical orbit that carries it far from the Kuiper Belt, about 90 Astronomical Units (AU) from the Sun into the hypothesized Oort Cloud. At its farthest, Sedna is about 900 AU from the Sun. It takes over 10,000 years for Sedna to complete one orbit of the Sun.
Astronomers Alessandro Morbidelli and Harold F. Levison investigated Sedna’s origins by performing numerical integrations using the Swift_rmvs3 orbit integrator to explore the idea that Sedna may have once been gravitationally bound to another star or brown dwarf, and stripped from that other star by the Sun, where it entered a highly eccentric orbit.
Using Gravity Simulator, I reproduced their experiment. Morbidelli and Levison set up the following starting conditions: The visiting brown dwarf has a mass of 0.05 solar masses. It is has a velocity of 1 km/s relative to the Sun at infinity. Its approach distance to the Sun is 200 AU. The brown dwarf has a disk of test particles orbiting it in random distances between 20-100 AU.
The green planet around the Sun represents the orbit of Neptune. It is just there to give you a sense of perspective of the solar system’s size.
In Morbidelli and Levison’s experiment, 44% of the Brown Dwarf’s objects were captured into Solar orbit. In Gravity Simulator, consistent with Morbidelli and Levison’s experiment, 8 of 20 objects were captured into Solar orbit.Les recuerdan a algo nuestros escenarios de simulación de la Hoja de trabajo III. Observen, que nosotros, hemos llegado a las mismas conclusiones con los datos actualizados, 4 años después, de que el escenario 1 y 2, ya no son posibles. Nos queda el escenario 3 y 4. Curiosamente, ellos, llegan a idénticas conclusiones, pero con una información que nosotros no teníamos.
Y qué información es esa?
Muy fácil. La información facilitada por el SOFIA, SIRTF y el SPT, la nueva generación y potentes telescopios en infrarrojos y microondas.
Lógicamente, para desviar la atención de la comunidad científica, había que convertir la perturbación en Sagitario, en algo diferente a una enana marrón.¿Cómo? Muy fácil, con el residuo de una supuesta supernova, que estaría ubicada justo en la perturbación de Sagitario, pues descomponiendo la imagen en dos tramos, observaríamos una nebulosa, y anunciando dicha noticia en 2007, conseguimos desviar para siempre la atención del público hasta que el fenómeno, sea evidente.Una jugada magistral.Si CHANDRA publica el descubrimiento de una rara especie de supernova, nadie dudará del hallazgo, y a nadie se le ocurrirá investigar allí.
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